Abstract:
Reinforced concrete (RC) structures remain critical infrastructure in water treatment systems globally, yet their long-term durability performance under aggressive chemical environments continues to present significant engineering challenges. This empirical study presents a comprehensive assessment of 47 water treatment facilities across diverse climatic and operational conditions, evaluating structural integrity, material degradation mechanisms, and design performance. Through systematic field investigations, laboratory analysis, and quantitative data assessment, this research identifies critical durability indicators and performance metrics associated with corrosion, alkali-aggregate reactions, and microcracking phenomena. Our findings reveal that 62% of facilities aged 20-30 years exhibited moderate to severe durability concerns, with carbonation depth and rebar corrosion constituting the primary degradation mechanisms. Advanced statistical analysis correlates design parameters, material composition, and environmental factors with observed damage patterns. The research implements optimization strategies utilizing supplementary cementitious materials, enhanced surface treatments, and innovative protective coatings that demonstrated 35-45% improvement in durability indicators. Additionally, this study proposes predictive models for service life estimation incorporating climate data, loading patterns, and maintenance regimes. The integrated methodology provides practical frameworks for design optimization and rehabilitation strategies applicable to existing and future water treatment infrastructure. Recommendations emphasize preventive maintenance protocols, material innovation, and performance-based design approaches to extend facility lifespan by 15-20 years. These findings contribute significantly to sustainable infrastructure development and resource optimization in water management sectors.
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Rupali Dehariya¹, Dr. Jyoti Yadav², Vivek Shukla3
DOI: MJAP/05/1503
Abstract:
The global nutraceutical industry, valued at approximately USD 451.8 billion in 2024, operates under divergent regulatory architectures that impose fundamentally different clinical evidence standards across jurisdictions. This study presents an evidence-based comparative analysis of nutraceutical clinical validation frameworks in India (FSSAI), the United States (FDA/DSHEA), and the European Union (EFSA/Directive 2002/46/EC), with particular emphasis on safety substantiation requirements, health claim authorization pathways, and pre-market clinical evidence obligations. The primary hypothesis states that significant regulatory asymmetry in clinical evidence requirements among the three jurisdictions creates unequal market entry barriers, consumer safety risks, and structural impediments to global harmonization. Using documentary analysis, regulatory database review, and structured comparative tabulation of official regulatory instruments, this study examined clinical evidence tiers, claim categories, and enforcement mechanisms across the three regulatory regions.
Area: Department of Clinical Nutrition
Author: Jyotsna Jaspal
DOI: MJAP/05/1502
Abstract:
Self-healing smart materials have the potential to be game changers in sustainable infrastructures, providing autonomous repair of delaminated bonds and functional biomimetic structures that may extend service life significantly while minimizing long term cost and environmental footprint. This empirical work provides a detailed data-driven investigation of five different classes of self-healing materials-microcapsule-epoxy composites, vascular network polymers, intrinsic self-healing hydrogels, bacterial concrete and shape memory alloys-evaluated for multiple infrastructure applications such as bridge decks, highway pavements, tunnel linings, water treatment plants and high-rise foundations. Data were collected over an integrated field and laboratory four-year period (2019–2023) consisting of 60 test specimens at five real-world deployment sites covering a total treated infrastructure surface area of more than 24,800 m². Compared to conventional concrete controls, the perfomance of shape memory alloys was 68.9% efficient in healing compared with 91.2% for intrinsic self-healing hydrogels and CO₂ emission reductions ranged from up to 31.8% and maintenance cost savings from up to 47.3%. Statistical analysis utilizing one-way ANOVA found significant differences in performance across material types (F(5,54) = 24.73; p < 0.001). Strong positive correlations were established between healing efficiency and durability (r = 0.912; p < 0.001), CO₂ reduction and service life extension (r = 0.874; p < 0.001) through Pearson correlation analysis. The multiple regression modelling resulted to R² = 0.874, supporting that the healing efficiency, carbon reduction benefit and recovery time available and the benefit-cost ratio jointly accounted for 87.4% of the variation of infrastructure durability indices. This categorization reveals intrinsic self-healing hydrogels to possess the most well-rounded performance profile along tech-environment-economic axes rendering them stro
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Jyotibala Dewada¹, Prof. Sachin Sironiya²
DOI: MJAP/05/1501