Abstract:
Flat Plate Solar Collectors (FPSCs) continue to be a leading technology for the collection of low-to-medium temperature thermal energy. Improving their thermal efficiency while reducing pressure drop, material expenses, and environmental effects poses a complex, multi-faceted challenge. This review article thoroughly investigates the use of Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) methods in the design and enhancement of FPSCs. It consolidates recent studies aimed at optimizing essential factors such as absorber plate shape, fin configuration, riser tube arrangement, properties of the working fluid, and glazing. The review emphasizes the common application of evolutionary algorithms like NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II) in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate models. A detailed analysis indicates that the main conflicting goals are to maximize thermal efficiency (η) while minimizing pressure drop (ΔP) or overall cost. Additionally, the paper provides a structured literature review in tabular format, identifies existing research gaps, and discusses the key findings with an emphasis on Pareto-optimal solutions that reconcile the competing objectives. The conclusion highlights the importance of system-specific MOO frameworks to achieve cost-effective and high-performance FPSC designs that are appropriate for various climatic and operational scenarios.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Rahul Soma Deshmukh1, Siddhant N. Patil2, Shraddha Lohakare3, Mohan T. Patel4, Pragati Patil5
DOI: MJAP/05/0409
Abstract:
The development, state, and future prospects of micro-machining technologies and the compact machine tools (CMTs) that make them possible are thoroughly examined in this paper. Improvements in micro-machining are essential since the electronics, medicinal, optical, and aerospace sectors seek smaller parts with intricate geometries and high precision. In addition to analysing the parallel development of CMTs intended for improved stability, precision, and a smaller environmental impact in comparison to conventional platforms, the study summarises the literature on important processes (micro-milling, micro-turning, micro-EDM, and laser micro-machining). The comprehensive integration of improved metrology, sustainable practices, and "smart" capabilities into small micro-machining systems is shown to be a major research gap. In order to create the next generation of easily accessible, highly accurate, and intelligent micro-manufacturing technologies, the paper finishes by summarising technology trends and research requirements.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Rahul Soma Deshmukh1, Shirish N. Shinde2, Bhagatsingh E. Rajput3, Gokul R. Jeughale4, D. D. Patil5
DOI: MJAP/05/0408
Abstract:
Employee retention has become a critical organizational challenge with significant financial and operational implications. This empirical study investigates the relationship between five human resource practices and employee retention in Indian organizations. The research employed a cross-sectional survey design utilizing primary data collected from 384 employees across various sectors in Raipur, Chhattisgarh through structured questionnaires. A total of 351 valid responses were obtained (response rate 91.4%). Five HR practices were examined: training and development, compensation management, performance appraisal, work-life balance, and employee engagement. The study hypothesized positive relationships between each HR practice and employee retention. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 26.0. Results confirmed all five hypotheses, revealing significant positive correlations between HR practices and retention. Training and development demonstrated the strongest relationship (r=0.736, β=0.284, p
Area: Department of Management
Author: Uday Pratap Singh
DOI: MJAP/05/0407
Abstract:
Regardless of the mechanical hardness of the material, electrically conductive materials can be precisely cut using a non-traditional thermoelectric machining technique called wire electrical discharge machining (Wire EDM). This review summarises what is now known about Wire EDM, looking at its basic ideas, important process variables, performance traits, and industrial uses. In order to erode material and create complicated shapes with little residual stress, the procedure uses a tiny wire electrode that travels constantly and regulated spark discharges in a dielectric liquid. Even though wire EDM has many benefits for cutting complex geometries and hard materials, problems including low material removal rates, recast layer formation, and wire breakage still exist. Recent developments in wire electrode technology, dielectric systems, process optimisation, and adaptive control techniques are all thoroughly examined in this work. It also highlights important research gaps, such as the requirement for micro-Wire EDM capabilities, AI-driven real-time optimisation, hybrid process development, and sustainable dielectrics. The results emphasise the changing significance of Wire EDM in precision manufacturing and suggest future research avenues to improve its effectiveness, precision, and range of applications.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Rahul Soma Deshmukh1, Mayur Gitay2, Shirish N. Shinde3, Bhagatsingh E. Rajput4, Gokul R. Jeughale5,
DOI: MJAP/05/0406
Abstract:
Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) have emerged as key materials in aerospace, automotive, and energy sectors due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, design flexibility, and corrosion resistance. However, the thermo-mechanical performance the coupled response of composites to temperature and mechanical loads remains a critical challenge due to complex interactions at microstructural and interface levels. This review critically examines recent advances in understanding thermo-mechanical behavior, highlighting manufacturing influences, environmental effects, modeling approaches, and performance optimization strategies. Key challenges include thermal degradation, residual stresses, and limited high-temperature capability. A comparative analysis of different polymer matrices and reinforcement systems provides insights into design trade-offs. This paper concludes with key research gaps and future directions.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Dr. Mayur Jayant Gitay1, Dr. Nikhil J. Rathod2, Mr. Rohit K. Dhende3, Mr. Sagar S. Sasane4
DOI: MJAP/05/0405
Abstract:
This review surveys recent advances in electric vehicle (EV) powertrains with a focus on three interrelated performance pillars: energy efficiency, torque delivery and control, and thermal management. We synthesize developments in motor topologies and multi-speed transmission strategies, power-electronics architectures, and model-based and AI/ML control methods that improve drivetrain efficiency and real-world energy consumption. Concurrently, we review torque-control techniques including high-fidelity torque vectoring and distributed-motor coordination that enhance dynamic performance, handling, and regenerative braking effectiveness. The paper also examines integrated thermal management approaches for batteries, motors, and inverters, highlighting active, passive, and hybrid systems that maintain performance, extend lifetime, and improve safety. Finally, we identify key trade-offs, remaining technical challenges (thermal limits, packaging, cost, and control complexity), and research opportunities such as holistic co-design of thermal and control systems and standardised test protocols. This synthesis aims to inform researchers and practitioners seeking to optimise EV powertrain performance in the face of accelerating market adoption and evolving system requirements.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Dr. Mayur Jayant Gitay1, Dr. Nikhil J. Rathod2, Mr. Rohit K. Dhende3, Mr. Sagar S. Sasane4
DOI: MJAP/05/0404
Abstract:
The use of composite materials in automobile structures has increased due to the growing demand for vehicles that are safe, lightweight, and fuel-efficient. Impact resistance and crashworthiness are two of the most important performance requirements for guaranteeing passenger safety in crashes. Although composite materials have great specific strength and the capacity to absorb energy, their failure mechanisms under impact loading are intricate and very different from those of conventional metallic materials. The impact and crashworthiness performance of composite structures utilized in automotive applications are thoroughly analyzed in this review study. Energy absorption and failure behavior are examined in relation to material systems, reinforcement architecture, manufacturing techniques, and geometrical design. Future research areas, comparison investigations with metallic counterparts, and present obstacles are also emphasized.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Dr. Mayur Jayant Gitay1, Dr. Nikhil J. Rathod2, Mr. Rohit K. Dhende3, Mr. Sagar S. Sasane4
DOI: MJAP/05/0403
Abstract:
Research on natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRCs) as potential substitutes for traditional synthetic fibre composites has intensified due to the growing need for ecologically friendly and sustainable engineering materials. Natural fibres with low density, biodegradability, renewability, affordability, and a lower carbon footprint include jute, sisal, kenaf, flax, hemp, bamboo, and coir. With an emphasis on their mechanical, thermal, tribological, and environmental properties for sustainable engineering applications, this study offers a thorough performance analysis of natural fibre reinforced composites. Usually, natural fibres in different weight fractions and orientations are mixed with polymer matrices like epoxy, polyester, polypropylene, or biodegradable resins to create composites. Tensile, flexural, impact, and compressive qualities are the main focus of the performance evaluation, which also highlights how fibre type, length, volume fraction, surface treatment, and fabrication method affect the behaviour of the composite as a whole. The function of chemical treatments like acetylation, silane, and alkali in enhancing moisture resistance and fiber–matrix interfacial bonding, which in turn improves mechanical performance and durability, is explored.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Dr. Mayur Jayant Gitay1, Dr. Nikhil J. Rathod2, Mr. Rohit K. Dhende3, Mr. Sagar S. Sasane4
DOI: MJAP/05/0402
Abstract:
The increasing integration of nonlinear loads and renewable energy sources in modern electrical distribution systems has significantly deteriorated power quality, manifesting as voltage fluctuations, harmonic distortions, and reactive power imbalances. This research investigates the design and modeling of a Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) employing Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching and Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) techniques to enhance grid power quality. The study hypothesizes that the combined implementation of PWM and HCC will effectively mitigate voltage sags, reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and improve power factor to meet IEEE 519 standards. A comprehensive simulation model was developed using MATLAB/Simulink for a three-phase distribution system with various load conditions. The methodology encompasses system design, controller implementation, and comparative performance analysis. Results demonstrate that the proposed DSTATCOM achieves voltage regulation within ±2%, reduces THD from 28.4% to 3.2%, and improves power factor from 0.72 to 0.98 under varying load scenarios. The hysteresis current controller exhibits superior transient response with settling time below 40ms compared to conventional PI controllers. This research validates the efficacy of advanced control strategies in DSTATCOM applications for sustainable power distribution networks.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Balwant Singh Parihar1, Prof. Sachindra Kumar Verma2
DOI: MJAP/05/0401