| Abstract: |
The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions has led to increased interest in hybrid solar–thermal systems that combine photovoltaic (PV) and thermal collectors to maximize energy output. This study evaluates the efficiency and energy output of hybrid solar–thermal systems in both residential and industrial applications within the Indian context. The objectives include assessing system performance, comparing energy yields, and analyzing cost-effectiveness across different scales. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining field measurements from 15 residential and 8 industrial installations with simulation modeling. The hypothesis posited that hybrid systems would demonstrate 25-35% higher overall efficiency compared to standalone PV systems. Results indicated that residential hybrid systems achieved average efficiencies of 68.4%, while industrial systems reached 72.6%. Statistical analysis revealed significant performance improvements, with combined electrical and thermal energy outputs ranging from 850-1200 kWh/kW annually for residential units and 1150-1450 kWh/kW for industrial installations. The study concludes that hybrid solar–thermal systems offer substantial advantages for Indian climate conditions, with faster payback periods in industrial applications (4.2 years) compared to residential settings (6.8 years). |
